..... . VALI disclosures . .....: 19/04/26, POST MARKET REPORT :The Indian equity benchmarks moved higher in noon deals on Friday, April 17, powered by gains in index heavyweights like ITC, Hindustan Unilever, Reliance Industries, HDFC Bank and Maruti Suzuki.

Sunday, April 19, 2026

19/04/26, POST MARKET REPORT :The Indian equity benchmarks moved higher in noon deals on Friday, April 17, powered by gains in index heavyweights like ITC, Hindustan Unilever, Reliance Industries, HDFC Bank and Maruti Suzuki.

The NIFTY50 index was trading close to its intraday high of 24,300 while the SENSEX rose over 350 points.

As of 11:52 am, the SENSEX was up 361 points at 78,350 and NIFTY50 index advanced 99 points to 24,296.

Here are stocks witnessing heavier than usual trading volumes

Gujarat State Petronet: Shares of the Gujarat government owned natural gas transmission company rose as much as 14% to hit an intraday high of ₹289.15. The stock came under buying interest after reports suggested that United States and Iran were in talks to hold a second meeting to end their seven-week war and reopen the transit of ships carrying crude oil, natural gas and LPG through the Strait of Hormuz.

Gujarat State Petronet shares were witnessing heavier than usual trading activity as trading volume spiked by 20 times to 1.82 crore shares compared with an average trading volume of 9 lakh shares on the National Stock Exchange (NSE).

On the BSE, a total of 7.72 lakh shares were traded compared with a two-week average trading volume of 33,000 shares.

MMTC: Shares of the state-run trading company jumped as much as 16.25% to hit an intraday high of ₹71.90 amid very high trading volumes.

Trading volume in MMTC shares surged by 14 times to 4.52 crore shares compared with an average trading volume of 32.6 lakh shares.

On the BSE, as many as 17.58 lakh shares changed hands compared with an average of 2.3 lakh shares traded daily in the past two weeks.

Nava: Shares of the Hyderabad-based ferroalloys, power generation, and mining company jumped 14% to hit an intraday high of ₹715, mirroring prevailing positive trend in power and metal stocks.

The stock surged for a seventh straight session on Friday and posted its biggest single day gain in over a year, data from the National Stock Exchange showed.

Meanwhile, the stock was witnessing very trading activity as volumes spiked by 12.6 times to 66.56 lakh shares compared with a two-week average volume of 5.26 lakh shares on NSE.

On the BSE, a total of 4.77 lakh shares were traded compared with its two-week average of 31,000 shares.

IRCON International: Shares of the state-run railway company rose as much as 13% to hit high of ₹159.60 amid spike in trading volumes.

On the NSE, trading volume in IRCON shares spurted by 6 times to 2.99 crore shares compared with an average volume of 48.53 lakh shares.

RVNL: Shares of the state-rain railway construction company posted its biggest single-day gain since September 2 after the company said that it emerged as the lowest (L1) bidder for East Coast Railway's third and fourth lines between Nergundi-Barang (22Km) and Khurda Road-Vizianagaram (363Km) on Bhadrak- Vizianagaram section (385Km).

The work includes construction of three bridges on an engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) mode on Mahanadi, Kathjori and Kuakhai rivers.

Trading volume in the stock tripled as 2.91 crore shares were traded on the NSE as against its average trading volume of 1.01 crore shares.

On the BSE, as many as 13 lakh shares changed hands compared with an average of 6.25 lakh shares traded daily in the past two weeks.

Source: Upstox

Disclaimer: This article is purely for informational purposes and should not be considered investment advice from us. Please consult with a financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

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Trade Cycles

The four important features of Trade Cycle are (i) Recovery, (ii) Boom, (iii) Recession, and (iv) Depression!

The trades cycle or business cycle are cyclical fluctuations of an economy. A full trade cycle has got four phases: (i) Recovery, (ii) Boom, (iii) Recession, and (iv) depression. The upward phase of a trade cycle or prosperity is divided into two stages—recovery and boom, and the downward phase of a trade cycle is also divided into two stages—recession and depression.

Phases of Trade Cycle:

The phases of trade cycle are explained with a diagram:

(1) Recovery:

In the early period of recovery, entrepreneurs increase the level of investment which in turn increases employment and income. Employment increases purchasing power and this leads to an increase in demand for consumer goods.

As a result, demand for goods will press upon their supply and it shall, thereby, lead to a rise in prices. The demand for consumer’s goods shall encourage the demand for producer’s goods.

The rise in prices shall depend upon the gestation period of investment. The longer the period of investment, the higher shall be the price rise. The rise of prices shall bring about a change in the distribution of income. Rent, wages, interest do not rise in the same proportion as prices.

Consequently, the margin of profit improves. The wholesale prices rise more than retail prices. The prices of raw materials rise more than the prices of semi-finished goods and the prices of semi-finished goods use more than the prices of finished goods.

(2) Boom:

The rate of investment increases still further. Owing to the spread of a wave of optimism in business, the level of production increases and the boom gathers momentum. More investment is possible only through credit creation. During a period of boom, the economy surpasses the level of full employment and enters a stage of over full employment.

(3) Recession:

The orders for raw materials are reduced on the onset of a recession. The rate of investment in producers’ goods industries and housing construction declines. Liquidity preference rises in society and owing to a contraction of money supply, the prices falls. A wave of pessimism spreads in business and those markets which were sometime before sellers markets become buyer’s markets now.

(4) Depression:

The main feature of a depression is a general fall in economic activity. Production, employment and income decline. The prices fall and the main factor responsible for it is, a fall in the purchasing power.

The distribution of national income changes. As the costs are rigid in nature, the margin of profit declines. Machines are not used to their full capacity in factories, because effective demand is much less. The prices of finished goods fall less than the prices of raw materials.

✳Reality Tips to Traders

1)Trading in the stock market is a marathon. 2)Protecting your capital is key. (Learn to protect first) 3)Making 0 on the day is better than losing 50k 4)Losses happen; they are part of this business. 5)It’s not you vs. the market. It’s you VS you. 6)You are your biggest enemy; learn to be mentally disciplined. 7)Don’t follow the majority; follow the correct path. 8)Traders without a stop loss end up not being traders for long. 9)There is always another trade. 10)The big money is made waiting for the right set-ups. 11)Waiting for the right trade is the most powerful strategy. 12)It is better to cut a loss than to wait to be proven right. 13)Position sizing can make or break you. 14)Worry about the downside before you even think about the upside. 15)Don’t listen to headlines

..BANKING TERMINOLOGY

There are various types of Banks: PSU Banks, Private Banks, Co-operative/Regional Banks, Small Finance Banks and Foreign Banks. When you deposit money in a bank, let's say the bank gives you an interest rate of 4%. But when the bank lends out this money, they lend it out at say, 12%. The difference of 8% in the above scenario is effectively the profit of the bank! The loans that do not pay interest for 90 days are known as Non-performing Assets. Banks have to provide for such bad loans. Structure of a Bank Asset for a Bank: The asset portion of a bank's capital includes cash, government securities, and interest-earning loans (e.g., mortgages, letters of credit, and inter-bank loans). Liabilities for a Bank: The bank's main liabilities are its capital (including cash reserves and, often, subordinated debt) and deposits. The latter may be from domestic or foreign sources (corporations and firms, private individuals, other banks, and even governments). Banks are required to maintain Liquidity with the Reserve Bank of India: SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio): It is the money a bank needs to preserve in the form of cash, gold or government Bonds before providing credit customers. This limitation is added by RBI on banks to make funds available to customers on-demand at your earliest convenience. Banks are required to maintain SLR at 18%. CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio): Banks are required to hold a certain proportion of their deposits in the form of cash. Banks don’t hold these as cash with themselves, but deposit such amounts with RBI / currency chests. CRR rate is at 4.5% currently. Repo Rate: The rate at which the RBI lends short-term money to the banks. The RBI through its Monetary Policy committee changes the repo rate to balance growth and Inflation. Reverse Repo rate: The rate at which banks park their short-term excess liquidity with the RBI. Now let us understand various terminologies for Banks Net Interest Income (NII): This is the spread the bank makes on its lending. It is calculated as Interest Income – Interest Expended Net Interest Margin (NIM): This is the spread the bank makes on its lending. It is the earning which is left after deducting the cost paid to depositors from its yields on Loans. This is denoted in % terms. The formula is Yield on Loans – Cost of funds Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR): The capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is a measure of a bank's available capital expressed as a percentage of a bank's risk-weighted credit exposures. Essentially, it is the Capital that is available to lend. Tier I Capital – In simple words this capital is freely available with the bank to lend out. Tier II Capital- This is the capital tied up somewhere and is less freely available to lend. In case of an adverse event, the bank can use this capital to lend. Under Basel III norms, a bank’s tier 1+tier 2 capital must be a minimum of 8% of its risk-weighted holdings. The minimum capital adequacy ratio, also including the capital conservation buffer, is 10.5%. Current Account Saving Account (CASA)- There is no interest paid on the Current Account and a small interest rate is paid on a savings account. The combination of both is called CASA which shows the liabilities of the bank on which it pays relatively less interest. Deposits: Bank deposits are a savings product that customers can use to hold an amount of money at a bank for a specified length of time. In return, the financial institution will pay the customer the relevant amount of interest, based on how much they choose to deposit and for how long. Now let us come to NPA. Gross NPA (GNPA): It is the total loans on which no payment has been paid for 90 days or more. GNPA % is usually shown in each Bank’s quarterly results. The percentage is basically the GNPA amount as a % of the total advances. Slippages: Slippages denote the fresh amount of loans that have turned bad in a year. The slippage ratio of a bank is calculated as Fresh accretion of NPAs during the year /Total standard assets at the beginning of the year multiplied by 100. Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR): This is the ratio of provisioning to GNPA and indicates the extent of funds a bank has kept aside to cover loan losses. For Instance, a company has GNPAs of Rs 100 and they have set aside 50 Rs, then the PCR is 50%. Net NPA (NNPA): The total figure left after deducting provisions made for bad loans from GNPA. (GNPA – Provisions+upgrades/writeoffs = NNPA) Special Mention Account (SMA) SMA-0 is a category in which stress with respect to the principal and interest has remained overdue for a period of 0 to 30 days. SMA-1 is a category in which stress with respect to the principal and interest has remained overdue for a period of 30-60 days. SMA-2 is a category in which stress with respect to the principal and interest has remained overdue for a period of 60-90 days

..... . VALI disclosures . .....

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Sunday, April 19, 2026

19/04/26, POST MARKET REPORT :The Indian equity benchmarks moved higher in noon deals on Friday, April 17, powered by gains in index heavyweights like ITC, Hindustan Unilever, Reliance Industries, HDFC Bank and Maruti Suzuki.

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Today's

19/04/26, Crisil's share price jumped 6.2%

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